Source-backed explainers for the topics learners mix up.

Blue circular signs usually tell drivers what they must do.

Red-bordered signs usually restrict or prohibit an action.

Warning signs tell drivers to prepare for a hazard before reaching it.

Amber means stop unless you are too close to stop safely.

Police-officer signals take precedence when directing traffic.

Give clear signals before turning, slowing, stopping, pulling out, or passing.

Do not enter a yellow box if your exit is blocked.

Stop-lines and give-way markings control where vehicles should wait.

Lane arrows and merging arrows tell drivers how to position early.

Do not park within 6 metres of a junction or intersection.

Do not park within 9 metres of a bus stop or inside the bus bay.

Do not park within 3 metres on either side of a fire hydrant.

Give way to traffic on the major road.

At uncontrolled junctions, the direction and movement of traffic decide priority.

Turning vehicles must still watch for pedestrians and cyclists.

Use the three-second rule for a safe following gap in good conditions.

Check mirrors every 5 to 10 seconds while driving.

Check blind spots before moving off, changing lane, or turning where needed.

Check mirrors, blind spots, signal, and confirm the gap before changing lane.

Overtake only when the road ahead and behind is clear and the manoeuvre is permitted.

Return to lane only when there is enough space and without cutting in.

Reverse slowly and keep checking around the vehicle.

Stop if the path becomes unclear or another road user approaches.

Use controlled steering and positioning instead of rushing the manoeuvre.

Set seat and mirrors before moving off.

Use mirrors and blind-spot checks before changing speed or direction.

Understand controls before applying them under traffic pressure.

Motorcycles can be hidden in vehicle blind spots.

Riders need both mirror checks and head checks.

Lane position should improve visibility and safety, not just convenience.

Slow before a bend and avoid sudden braking mid-corner.

Use the right gear and smooth throttle control for stability.

Wet or slippery roads require more space and gentler inputs.

Defensive riding means anticipating hazards before they become emergencies.

Rain, night, and poor surfaces reduce the rider’s safety margin.

Junctions and lane changes require early observation and positioning.